For many, figuring out how to dispose of used batteries is a headache.
Zhang Chengliang, a 33-year-old cartoonist in Beijing, used to collect spent dry-cell batteries and keep them at his home. "I didn't know what to do with them because I couldn't find a place to dispose of them safely," he said.
It wasn't until around one year ago Zhang stopped collecting old batteries after noticing the environmental label, which indicates the batteries pose no harm to the environment if dumped.
Dry-cell batteries are widely used in household items such as remote control and flashlights. Many people believe discarding used dry-cell batteries may cause pollution, because of the toxic heavy metals they contain.
But experts say this belief is no longer accurate, as dry-cell batteries now contain low levels of toxic heavy metals and pose no harm to the natural environment thanks to improved technology.
"As far as environmental protection is concerned, there is no need to recycle used dry-cell batteries," said Cao Guoqing, the former deputy secretary-general of China Battery Industry Association.
He said the content of mercury, which is considered a major toxic substance in batteries, in a dry-cell battery is almost the same level as that of unpolluted soil.
"It is safe to bury old dry-cell batteries with other household waste, which has no risk of contaminating the soil," Cao said.
With improved technologies producing non-mercury batteries, China outlawed the sale of batteries containing more than 0.0001 percent mercury in 2006.
In 2008, the country removed waste dry-cell batteries from the list of hazardous wastes, which meant they could be dumped along with other household wastes.
Since 2010, battery manufacturers have also been mandated to keep cadmium and lead content — another two heavy metals used in batteries — below 20 mg per gram and 40 mg per gram respectively. "These are levels that pose no harm to human health and meet environmental protection standards applied in the developed world," Cao said.
Though dry-cell batteries are labeled as environmentally friendly products, some feel differently, including Mao Da, an expert in solid-waste management from the NGO China Zero Waste Alliance.
"If a battery is dumped along with household waste and incinerated, the metals it contains could pollute the air or concentrate in ashes produced by the combustion process. And if it ends up in a landfill, the metals may leach into water and soil," he said.
On top of environmental concerns, experts said it also reduces resource waste to recycle spent batteries.
For every 10 billion dry-cell batteries produced, 156,000 tons of zinc, 226,000 tons of manganese oxide, and 2,080 tons of copper are consumed, Cao Guoqing said. If the metals contained in waste batteries are recycled, large amounts of resources can be saved, he said.
As the world's largest producer of dry-cell batteries, China produced 31.8 billion units in 2017, according to statistics from the China Industrial Association of Power Sources. The volume of dry-cell batteries made annually accounted for more than 85 percent of all batteries.
